The medieval town of Caylus has a wealth of history to be discovered by those who take the time to leave the main road to enter the old town and stroll through the streets of the bastide. The commune covers ten thousand hectares, making it one of the largest in France, with numerous hamlets and thirteen churches scattered around the town. The landscape is full of contrasts, from the lush green valley of the Bonnette to the rocky causses.

Caylus is the administrative centre of the canton of the same name. Although Caylus no longer has as many inhabitants as it did in the 18th century (4,500), its population has been growing for the last ten years or so and currently stands at 1,567. Its activities have never slowed down; all the shops, services and associations are very much alive and new businesses are setting up here, taking advantage of the unspoilt environment and the proximity of major roads. The military camp, which contributes to this activity, covers more than 5,500 hectares of the Causse, most of which is located in the commune.